10 Quotes to Help Celebrate a 30th Birthday

10 Quotes to Help Celebrate a 30th Birthday Some like a major sprinkle, others like a calm undertaking, yet most everybody loves their birthday festivities. On the off chance that you like birthday celebrations, even the morning of your birthday appears the best morning of the year. Regardless of whether a cloud takes steps to detonate in the skies, you wake up feeling cheerful. You rapidly experience your birthday welcome that come as instant messages, calls, and web-based social networking posts. What's more, isnt it brilliant to get blossoms or a wonderful birthday cake, with a Happy Birthday card in it? You thank each and every individual who recollected your birthday. You feel a feeling of euphoria when you offer thanks to your friends and family. For what reason Do We Enjoy Celebrating Birthdays? When a year, you find the opportunity to be unique. Companions, family, and friends and family wish you satisfaction, great wellbeing, and thriving. They give you love, consideration, blessings, and treats. They invest energy with you and offer your joy. The 30th birthday celebration is exceptional. You are presently formally an experienced and dependable grown-up who has the fundamental intelligence to settle on significant choices throughout everyday life. The 30th birthday celebration proclaims your grown-up status with estimated guilty pleasure. Here are some significant statements that put issues in the correct point of view, prepared to partake in birthday cards and on cakes, during celebratory toasts, and that's just the beginning. Muhammad Ali The man who sees the world at 50 equivalent to he did at 20 has squandered 30 years of his life. Hervey Allen The main time you truly live completely is from 30 to 60. The youthful are captives to dreams; the old, workers of disappointments. Just the moderately aged have all their five faculties in the keeping of their brains. Unknown At 20 years old, we dont care what the world considers us; at 30, we stress over what it is considering us; at 40, we find that it wasnt considering us by any stretch of the imagination. Georges Clemenceau All that I realize I learned after I was 30. Charles Caleb Colton The abundance of our childhood are checks composed against our age, and they are payable with intrigue 30 years after the fact. F. Scott Fitzgerald Thirty-the guarantee of a time of dejection, a diminishing rundown of single men to know, a diminishing attaché of energy, diminishing hair. Benjamin Franklin At 20 years old, the will rules; at 30, the mind; and at 40, the judgment. Robert Frost Time and tide hang tight for no man, yet time consistently stops for a lady of 30. Elbert Hubbard Ones 30th birthday celebration and ones 60th are days that press their message home with iron hand. With his 70th achievement past, a man feels that his work is done, and diminish voices call to him from over the Unseen. His work is done, thus illy, contrasted and what he had wished and anticipated! Be that as it may, the impressions made upon his heart constantly are no more profound than those his 30th birthday celebration motivates. At 30, youth, with all it conceals and pardons, is gone until the end of time. The ideal opportunity for negligible tricking is past; the youthful stay away from you, or, in all likelihood admire you and entice you to become suggestive. You are a man and should give a record of yourself. Lew Wallace A man 30 years of age, I said to myself, ought to have his field of life all furrowed, and his planting all around done; for after that it is late spring.

Homo Habilis essays

Homo Habilis papers How would we portray early human conduct? Surely this is a discussion that has been contended more than once. It appears that there has been an agreement among archeologists and anthropologists that the most punctual type of human conduct was the creation of devices. It is commonly perceived that early Australopiths may have utilized simple instruments in much the manner in which current chimps do to cajole termites from that point homes, yet these where just designed sticks and twigs. (Feder, 1996 p.79) Researchers were searching for a primate that had the capacity to make a changeless instrument. Feder (1996) was sure this necessary expanded knowledge and a modern procedure of forethought.(p.79) These apparatuses where found as stone devices made by the early primate Homo habilis. Homo habilis, jack of all trades spoke to a significant defining moment in the development of people. The species showed up about 2.5million years back. Almost certainly, it advanced from Austalopithecus afarensis or africanus and the primary concern that separated it from early primates was the cerebrum size. This had expanded by more than 20 percent from prior primates however was still just around 33% the size of present day man. This was uncovered through skulls found in Africa, which showed an adjusted noggin coming about because of an expanded mind limit. (Mohammed, 2002) This expanded cerebrum size permitted Homo habilis to build up a trademark that is remarkable to man, the capacity to design instruments. Homo habilis set out to make instruments by intentionally pounding on rocks to split and piece them into valuable shapes. Oldawan devices, named by Louis and Mary Leakey, are the most seasoned stone devices found to date. The Leakeys made their disclosure in 1935. The instruments go back to some 2.5 million years (Feder, 1996). Oldawan depicts instruments that had a particular shape and were honed with a certain goal in mind. The name is gotten from the Olduvai Gorge territory in ... <!

Why Trickle Down Economic Works in Theory But not in Fact

Why Trickle Down Economic Works in Theory But not in Fact It is the Social Contract that individuals submit part of their power to the Government because the Government is supposed to be better at distributing the resources of the nation in ways that will benefit the individual more than if they would do those investments themselves.  What happens when the resources are taxes, and it is questionable if the Government knows best or not? Worse, it is questioned why they are not taking the best decisions for the individuals, while they know full well their policy will not affect them for the better, but for the worse.Trickle-down economics has long been the subject of arguments between political parties and experts. Read the article to learn why. WHAT DOES TRICKLE-DOWN ECONOMICS MEAN?By definition, trickle-down economics is a theory, the supporters of which believe that benefits for the wealthy will transfer, or trickle down, other actors in the economy. These benefits could take the form of tax cuts on corporations, high-income earners, tax r elief for capital gains and dividends.Trickle-down comes from the assumptions that agents in the economy such as investors, savers, and business owners are the ones that drive growth in an economy. It stipulates that they’ll use any extra wealth, generated from government regulations, such as tax cuts, to reinvest in businesses, thus expanding the economy. Stockholders will act upon planned acquisitions or buy stocks. Banks will increase loan offering thus transferring liquidity to the spenders. Business owners will create jobs. All of this growth is supposed to trickle down to employees, who, in their turn, will spend more and reinforce the economy. A rise in wages is supposed to further drive demand up and contribute to reinforcing the supply and demand cycle. HOW DOES IT WORK?In order to understand the theory of trickle-down economics, first you need to understand supply-side economics. What is supply-side economics?Supply-side is easy to understand when seen as a polar opposit e of Keynesian theory. Keynesianism stipulates that it is consumer demand that drives the economy. Consumers create need for products and services and offer money for them. That is supposed to be the factor that drives the decisions of the businesses (the supply) and thus, they are the original creator of growth. Therefore the Keynesian fiscal policy will support consumerism, and not just workers â€" consumers will be important regardless of whether they work or not. Infrastructure, benefits and education will be subject of great investments.Supply-side economics on the other side stipulates that increased supply is what will create economic growth. The drivers of that supply are capital, labor, entrepreneurship and land. Supply-side tax policies focuses on industry. Tax cuts and deregulation will be employed by the government to support businesses. Companies that benefit from this government support are supposed to create jobs. Hiring more workers overall is supposed to redistribut e the wealth from the businesses, through the wages to the workers, and, through spending, create flows back into the economy.The main course of action of supply-side economics is to create incentives for businesses to grow. Deregulation is supposed to eliminate restrictions to expansion and reduce the compliance costs. Businesses are then free to explore new fields and drive the economy up.Two types of tax cut are created. A corporate tax cut is supposed to free resources for businesses to hire more employees, invest in equipment and or increase their production of more goods and services.An income tax cut is supposed increase the absolute wage per hour ratio. It incentivizes workers demand of employment. More workers hired in the economy means higher production and better quality of service.What is the Laffer Curve?In order to understand better why lower taxes on the wealthy are connected to a boost of the economy, it will be helpful to explain the concept of the Laffer Curve.The concept is named after an economist called Arthur Laffer, who came up with the idea back in 1979.The Laffer Curve draws a relationship between tax cuts and government revenues. And that relationship is twofold. Immediately, Laffer stipulates there will be an arithmetic effect. Every dollar in tax cuts means one less dollar in government from the government’s budget. The second effect is supposed to be more longer-term. And that is, according to Laffer, the ‘economic’ effect.  Lower taxes increase the budgets, and therefore the spending, of taxpayers. It allows for higher production on the side of businesses who can now meet consumer demand. That will decrease unemployment, and lead to additional average increase in the household budget. More workers also means an increase in the tax base. Newly hired workers will be taxed, and that, in turn, will return the revenue to the government.How does trickle-down relate?Trickle-down theory is a special case supply-side economics, or a part of it. According to trickle-down, specific tax cuts are supposed to be targeted instead of just generally taking the side of businesses. As explained earlier, tax cuts will be provided to businesses, tax relieve will be applied to capital gains, and savings. Across-the-board tax cuts will not be a part of the strategy. Tax cuts will be provided to the more well-off, who are supposed to reinvest in the businesses and, with that, transfer funds to the less wealthy.Both trickle-down and supply-side economy can be explained via the Laffer Curve. It shows the exact relationship between the tax cuts, the economy growth, the rise of employment and the increase in the tax base â€" which is supposed to prove the wealth multiplication effect. Have in mind Arthur Laffer himself warns that this effect works is mostly applicable when taxes are in the Prohibitive Range. This is the tax range that starts from 100% taxation, down to a theoretical rate in the middle of the curve where taxes wil l not affect the businesses decision. In other words, an across-the-board tax cut for the wealthy is not necessary. An initial analysis is needed to establish if the current tax rate prevents businesses from actions that would grow the economy. WHO CREATED TRICKLE-DOWN ECONOMICS?There have been several times in history when regulations have been imposed by the government that provide tax cuts or tax relief to wealthy businesses and corporations in expectation to boost the economy in result. There is an argument to be made that those regulations were necessary at the time and those worked. Presidents Nixon and ReaganRonald Reagan is often named the creator of the trickle-down economy. President Reagan was, after two unsuccessful attempts to win the Republican Presidential nomination, elected for the president in1980, inheriting an economy that had just went through a very tough recession in the 1970’s marked by the worst stagnation America had ever experienced.Stagflation is a comb ination of three harmful economy factors a stagnation in the economic growth, high level of unemployment, and inflation. The average price of consumer good raises while at the same time the economy growth is limited. Usually demand decreases enough to halt inflation.Stagflation basically got its name during the 1973 1975 recession. Early signs of the recession were visible early into the presidential term of Richard Nixon. Nixon famously froze all wages and prices for 90 days. The Pay Board and Price Commission was appointed to approve any increases after afterwards â€" up until the 1972 presidential campaign. A 10% tariff on imports followed. Finally, Nixon removed the States from the Gold Standard. Raising the import prices caused GDP growth to slow down. By 1975 there had been five quarters when gross domestic product growth had been negative. In the beginning of summer in 1975, two months after the recession had ended unemployment peaked at 9%. Inflation was another issue when it raised from 3.5% to 9.5%.The Federal Reserves made several attempts to stop the stagflation but those attempts had the opposite effect. Between the years 1971 and 1978, they manipulated the price of fed funds rate to by raising it to fight inflation, then later lowering it to fight recession. That created an unstable climate for investors which meant the prices stayed high, even when the rates were low. Inflation skyrocketed to 13.3% by the end of the 1970’s.  Paul Volcker put an end to stagflation by raising the rate to 20% in the beginning of the 1980’s. And that created the 1980-82 recession.The ReaganomicsThe economics of the Reagan administration, known as Reaganomics, is supposed to fight the recession by reducing the governments influence on the economy. It is a laissez-faire approach to economics. Reagan believed capitalism and the free market will create growth. The government’s role would be diminished so that businesses, led by the principle ‘greed is good’ would have the freedom to save the economy.Reagans position is noticeably different his predecessors. Johnson and Nixon had trusted the governments role should lead to growth.On the contrary Reagan vows to decrease the growth of government spending, to cut income taxes and capital gains taxes, to decrease regulations on the industry and to halt the expansion of the money supply.President Reagan provides results on each of the four goals of his platform, although not fully. To a large extent they overcame inflation, but that should be mostly attributed to Reagan’s monetary policy, not his fiscal policy. At the same time Reagans tax cuts do end the recession.It is important to point out government spending isnt lowered. Instead of spending more on domestic programs where the government would support the population, the budget is eaten up by the military. As a result the debt rises threefold, from about a thousand billion in the beginning of the 1980’s to $2.857 trillion the end of the 1980’s. The tax cuts Reagan imposes do manage to bring up consumer demand. By the last year of Reagans mandate, the maximum tax rate became 28% for the unmarried individuals with a yearly income of $18,550 or more. Citizens making less money paid no taxes at all. There was a drop in the tax rate of more than 40% for individuals earning $108,000 or more. The tax brackets for inflation were indexed. Reagan moved these tax cuts to tax increases in other directions. Social Security payroll taxes as well as some excise taxes went through an increase. The corporate tax rate was dropped from 46% to 40%. The taxation of investments was changed. Government spending was supposed to be stopped. Instead, there was growth, although not as fast as the growth in spending during the predecessor’s term President Carter. During Reagan the growth was 2.5% a year, caused mostly be raising costs for the military. Social Security or Medicare payments were not changed. In fact, Reagans budgeted spending for the two programs was 22% of GDP. Thats higher budget than the usual 20%. In the beginning of his term Reagan removed the Nixon-imposed price regulations on domestic oil and gas. Those were considered to introduce an imbalance in free-market self-regulation that would have prevented inflation. Reagan deregulated other industries including the financial institutions and, by that, he contributed Savings and Loan Crisis in 1989. Reagan increased import barriers. When Reagan came to power, the measures imposed by Chairman Paul Volcker against inflation were already in place. Volcker used a brave monetary policy â€" he began raising the fed funds rate by a historic 20%. While these measures were beneficiary to fight off inflation, economic growth was affected. Unemployment went as high as 10.8% and stayed above 10% for the large part of the year.Watch this Crash Course video to get an interesting perspective of the Reagan presidency:The Bush-nomicsReagan is not the only Presi dent to employ trickle-down economics. President George W. Bush used similar tools to fight off the 2001 recession. The income taxes were cut by introducing the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act. The measures turned out to be successful in ending the recession by November of 2001. However unemployment was still an issue â€" it went as high as 6%. It is not rare that unemployment will linger at high levels after a crisis. Businesses will be unwilling to create jobs a long time after the unfriendly economic environment has changed. Bush then introduces another Act in 2003 â€" the The Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act.Temporarily the overall impression is that the tax cuts worked. However, the fact that the Federal Reserve lowered the fed funds rate could have contributed. It fell from 6% to 1%. It is a significant change and leaves it unclear if tax cuts caused the recovery or monetary policy did.According to trickle-down economics, presidents Reagan and Bu sh introduced tax cuts which should have affected the wealthy immediately, and citizens of all income levels, gradually. What happened in reality is the opposite. The income gap worsened. In the years between 1979 and 2005, household income after taxes for the bottom 20% of the population rose by 6%. That means there was growth. However, if we compare that to the top 20% of the population, we see the increase there reached 80%. The top 1% saw their budgets triple for the same period. That means the wealth created by trickle-down policies never did trickle down to less well-off parts of the population. Or, at least, by judging the wealth that did trickle down, too much was retained. WOULD TRICKLE-DOWN WORK TODAY?Recently, the idea that Reaganomics-like policies must be taken up once again are becoming popular. The ‘America great again’ campaign, popularized by President Donald Trump, Tea Party followers, and other Republicans advocate for further tax cuts on the wealthy as a way to fix the economy. But many say that while it could be argued that trickle-down worked in the 1980’s it could be very harmful today.One example is the effect tax cuts have on the federal budget â€" they would decrease the dollar-for-dollar tax to budget flow immediately. But businesses are supposed to get richer, higher more people, and when their salaries are taxed, that would increase the tax base and, with that, reimburse taxes to the budget. However, that theory does not factor in the lag between the tax cuts and job creation. Additionally, The Laffer Curve proves that cutting taxes only increases government revenue up to a point â€" after a certain threshold cutting taxes will harm the budget. During Reagan’s term the higher taxes were at 70%, the effects would be much different when the taxes are under 50%. As the situation is today in the world, the wealthiest 85 people around the globe have just as much as the poorest 3.5 billion of the population â€" that is roughly ha lf the worlds entire population. This is the stark headline of a report from Oxfam ahead of the World Economic Forum at Davos:‘Globally, the richest individuals and companies hide trillions of dollars away from the tax man in a web of tax havens around the world it is estimated that $21 trillion is held unrecorded and off-shore;In the US, financial deregulation directly correlates to the increase in the income share of the top 1 per cent which is now at its highest level since the eve of the Great Depression;In India, the number of billionaires increase tenfold in the past decade, aided by a highly regressive tax structure and the wealthy exploiting their government connections, while spending on the poorest remains remarkably low;In Europe, austerity has been imposed on the poor and middle classes under huge pressure from financial markets whose wealthy investors have benefited from state bailouts of financial institutions;In Africa, global corporations particularly those in ex tractive industries exploit their influence to avoid taxes and royalties, reducing the resources available to governments to fight poverty.’It appears the wealthier no longer reinvest back into jobs. Tax cuts appear to have the opposite effect. The gap between the rich and the poor is rising. The model of trickle-down economics is unsustainable because the effects cannot be measured or controlled. While the wealthier are becoming more resourceful than they were during the Reagan Era, the poor lack the funds to pay for food, health care, housing, education and other important assets that could help bridge the equality gap. At the same time governments are continuing play with the idea of supply-side levers in order to revive the economy, when there is abundant proof the lower class has to be supported instead.The reason is twofold. Partially, it is the unwillingness of politicians to consider new ideas. It is a habit, a status-quo, to always consider the needs of businesses and co rporations first. And the second reason is, governments are set on pursuing numbers, economic growth and high competitiveness regardless of the social impact a policy could have for the citizens. Individuals success is measured by their income, their purchasing power and other numeric values. Economic success of governments is also measured in numbers. GDP, GNP, unemployment, inflation, debt… It is alarming that the disregard of the government is giving rise to populist politicians with questionable strategies. WHY ARE WE TALKING TRICKLE-DOWN AGAIN?The issue of trickle-down economics is once again gaining traction because of some of President Trump’s political decisions. On the side of the Republican party, the idea of trickle-down economics is still solid. In fact, it is gaining popularity. On December 22, 2017, President Donald Trump acts upon his campaign promise to ‘Make America Great Again’ by signing the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. By signing the Act, Trump essentially cuts the corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% since the beginning of 2018. For individuals, the tax rate drops to 37%. Trumps tax plan includes a complex set of measures, including cuts in income tax rates, doubling the standard deduction, and removing the personal tax exemptions. There are different rules when it comes to deadlines, too. The corporate cuts are supposed to last while the changes for the individuals have an expiration date â€" they will last until the end of 2025.Watch here a Vox video that explains the tax cut via a cereal metaphor. It is worth seeing.According to the Tax Policy Center the earnings of the top 1% would enjoy a larger tax cut percentage than individuals with lower income. By the year 2027, those in the lowest 20% of income levels will end up paying higher taxes.According to the president, the tax cut is supposed to create growth to compensate for the debt increase. However, according to the Joint Committee on Taxation the Act will cost $1 trillion to the bu dget even after the compensation is factored in. CONCLUSION It all boils down to this question: Who truly drives the economy?While it sounds like trickle-down makes sense, there is data to support the fact that the wealthy do not allow the extra funds, left over from tax cuts, to trickle down to the low-income citizens. They retain the wealth. There are arguments to support the theory, that if the support is forwarded to those who need cash the most, they will spend that, out of necessity, and will, in fact, boost the economy, by driving transactions up. Still, for various reasons, the question about trickle-down economics is brought up again and again. History has the bad habit of repeating itself. It is up to society to put pressure on the decision makers to make the right decision.

Notes On Common Sense Economics - 1441 Words

James Gwartney’s book, Common Sense Economics, is designed for those who are taking beginning steps to understand the basics of economics. It also provides actual concrete changes that could be made in the economy. This novel gives insight to the bigger picture that involves political rules and policies that go along with that. The context of the book aims to explain why nations prosper depending on people’s understanding of necessary economic arrangements. There are ten elements of economics, seven sources of economic progress, the role of the government, and twelve key elements of practical personal finance. James Gwartney even acknowledges what he wants students to get out of this text which is that: It will help more advanced students of economics and business pull together the big picture. Advanced student, including some at the graduate level, are often so busy with graphs, formulas, models, and technical mathematical that they fail to understand the really important lessons of economics. Finally, an experienced business executive or a poly maker can also learn much of value from this book. Even those who are highly successful at their jobs often underestimate the far-reaching, typically unintended effects that political rules and policies have on the broader economic health of people and nations (Gwartney ix-x). The information in this book will challenge college students to think more seriously about the really important implications of economics—knowledge that willShow MoreRelatedRisk Return Analysis1000 Words   |  4 Pagesstrong company that has shown the ability to grow, and create dividends for its stock holders consistently. The beta of .73 shows that Nike’s returns are somewhat similar to that of the markets, but still not enough to be affected by the overall economic situation the market may face. The coefficient variation of 9.37 is not bad, but it does not paint the whole picture when looking at Nike as an individual stock. Merck Co., has a standard deviation of 7.87, which is lower than Nike’sRead MoreIs a Common Currency in Europe Sustainable? Essay1701 Words   |  7 PagesEuropean nations and even the United States. Originally designed to ensure financial stability, the common currency area appears to restrain policymakers both fiscally and monetarily in these times of economic depression when they might benefit most from expansionary policies. A key problem exists with the European Central Bank dictating a unified monetary policy for states experiencing different economic scenarios. How could the European Central Bank effectively meet the needs of Greece and Italy byRead MoreEssay on Liberation Theology in Latin America1734 Words   |  7 PagesThe populist governments, seen in the 1950’s and 1960’s in South America, spurred industrial growth and a sense of â€Å"consciousness† amongst the inhabitants of the Latin American countries. The industrial growth great ly benefited the middle-class and the working-class; however, the poor were driven into shantytowns and rural areas. To illustrate the great poverty of this time in Latin America, people living in â€Å"shantytowns† resided in vast settlements built of cardboard and other available materialsRead More A Peasant’s Life1155 Words   |  5 Pagesand two two-year-olds were on the other side, and they all sang one song that was pitiful to hear: they all cried the same cry - a miserable note. The poor man sighed sorely, and said, ‘Children be still!’1 As individuals within a greater society, the peasants of the seventeenth century provided themselves and the remainder of the community with economic and agricultural sustenance in accordance to their constant backbreaking labor and pitifully inferior lifestyle. According to J.F.C. HarrisonRead MoreJohn Millar s Passage The Origin Of The Distinction Of Ranks1442 Words   |  6 Pagesassociation of the moral-economic and how the slavery isn t advantageous to each other for various legitimate reasons. In the beginning Millar diverges into the topic upon the relationship between those of the master and its servant which is very interesting based on their position of power and financially, they are on two different sides of the scale. Millar goes into 3 methods in which the Master Servant relationship evolved in history over time. The first one is the cause of economic purposes. The masterRead MoreArticle Analysis : Living Life Without Traveling 1347 Words   |  6 Pagesarray of virtues and cultures that range from exciting and thought provoking to even depressing. However, while Steves notes the positives that precipitate from the aforementioned good travel, he also expresses his disappointment in the many Americans who fail to partake in this enlightened practice. Instead, driven by short term goals and individual economic success, Steves notes many people refrain entirely from travel, or simply choose to travel in a demanding and ethnocentric manner. AccordingRead More432 Obj ectives Wk 11 2002740 Words   |  3 Pagesimplementing a firm’s strategy Suggested Review Reading for next Class RWJ, Chapter 18 Questions for Next Case (November 18, 2002*, Avon Products) * Note change in date in response to student preferences (1) Evaluate Avon’s investment and financing decisions in the late 1980’s. Why was Avon restructuring its business in 1988? Did the changes make sense? (2) Evaluate Avon’s financial condition in mid-1988. Why was Avon reducing its dividend? (3) What was the purpose of the exchange offer? (4)Read MoreTyranny And The Social Wellbeing Of Citizens1750 Words   |  7 Pagesof despotic oppression that threatens the social wellbeing of citizens. Yet another notable differences arises in the approach of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels when they were commissioned to write The Communist Manifesto, which offers a sort of economic tyranny. The key differences in each author’s definition and evaluation of tyranny can be explained through the reasons for producing their respective works, as well as the lens through which they each viewed the societies they were observing. Read MoreSummary Of Alien Nation : Common Sense About America s Immigration Disaster1317 Words   |  6 PagesAnnotated bibliography Reflection paper Brimelow, Peter. Alien nation: common sense about America’s immigration disaster. (1995). This article talks about immigration and its consequences in America. In addition to this, the paper talks about the reasons behind the ballooning level of immigrants in amerce. Some of the reasons that the article outlines include; search for better employment in the US as they fear their nations which have low levels of employment, escape war from their nationsRead MoreThe Document Common Sense By Thomas Paine1714 Words   |  7 Pages The document Common Sense by Thomas Paine was written in 1775, and published in 1776. Though, in order to be shared with the public, Thomas Paine had to be inspired first. Some of the more common inspirations were derived from the ideas of John Locke and Thomas Hobbes. The main points of Thomas Paine’s document were to separate from English rule and to form a democratic nation. Some of John Locke’s most common ideas of the human nature were that humans needed independence to thrive, a statement

Roy Chapman Andrews - A Profile of the Famous Paleontologist

Name: Roy Chapman Andrews Born/Died: 1884-1960 Nationality: American Dinosaurs Discovered: Oviraptor, Velociraptor, Saurornithoides; also discovered numerous prehistoric mammals and other animals About Roy Chapman Andrews Although he had a long, active career in paleontology--he was director of the prestigious American Museum of Natural History from 1935 to 1942--Roy Chapman Andrews is best known for his fossil-hunting excursions to Mongolia in the early 1920s. At this time, Mongolia was a truly exotic destination, not yet dominated by China, virtually inaccessible by mass transport, and rife with political instability. During his expeditions, Andrews used both automobiles and camels to traverse the hostile terrain, and he had a number of narrow escapes that added to his reputation as a dashing adventurer (he was later said to have been the inspiration for Steven Spielbergs Indiana Jones movies). Andrews Mongolian expeditions were not only newsworthy; they also immeasurably advanced  the worlds knowledge  about dinosaurs. Andrews discovered numerous dinosaur fossils at the Flaming Cliffs formation in Mongolia, including the type specimens of Oviraptor and Velociraptor, but today hes most famous for unearthing the first indisputable evidence of dinosaur eggs (before the 1920s, scientists were unsure if dinosaurs laid eggs or gave birth to live young). Even then, he managed to make a huge (if understandable) blunder: Andrews believed his Oviraptor specimen had stolen the eggs of a nearby Protoceratops, but in fact thisegg thief turned out to be hatching its own young! ​Oddly enough, when he embarked for Mongolia, Andrews did not have dinosaurs or other prehistoric fauna uppermost in his mind. ​Along with his fellow paleontologist Henry Fairfield Osborn, Andrews believed that the ultimate ancestors of humans originated in Asia, rather than Africa, and he wanted to find indisputable fossil evidence to support this theory. Although its possible that an early offshoot of hominids branched off into Asia millions of years ago, the bulk of the evidence today  is that human beings did in fact originate in Africa. Roy Chapman Andrews is most often associated with his dinosaur discoveries, but he was responsible for  excavating and/or naming a respectable number of prehistoric mammals as well, including a specimen of the giant terrestrial grazer  Indricotherium and the giant  Eocene predator Andrewsarchus (which was named by a paleontologist on one of Andrews central Asian expeditions in honor of his fearless leader). As far as we know, these two mammals were the largest terrestrial herbivore and the largest terrestrial carnivore, respectively, ever to roam the face of the earth.

The Slave Crucible Analysis - 1266 Words

â€Å"The Slave Crucibles† and â€Å"A Federal Assault† provide different perspectives on the experiences of slaves. â€Å"The Slave Crucibles† contributes personal insight into the different aspects of the lives of slaves while â€Å"A Federal Assault† exhibits a generalized viewpoint on the effects of laws such as the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 on the majority of the slave population. Both pieces of literature demonstrate the injustices and demeaning treatment towards African Americans during the 19th century. Pargas’ â€Å"The Slave Crucibles† is structured to provide the personal experiences of slaves by including specific examples and testimonies from those who endured slavery or had first hand encounters with enslaved African Americans. By including such†¦show more content†¦However, fictive kin and these new established relationships on shared experiences did not completely extinguish the feelings of longing for loved ones or diminish the oppression faced by these people. Reunion with family members was one of the major motives for interstate migrants to escape but sometimes it proved to be more difficult than expected because migrants came from longer distances. Therefore, when attempts to escape were made they were more permanent and â€Å"...fugitives were not intending to ‘visit’ loved ones but rather escape their new destinations for good†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Pargas 243). These feelings of depression and isolation, removal from loved ones, and demeaning treatment incited many slaves to escape. Escaping was never easy and there were laws set in place to punish those who tried to do so. These laws, specifically the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, and their effects are closely examined in Horton’s article, â€Å"A Federal Assault.† Horton provides a more generalized approach and the use of anecdotes is present but is not as intense as in â€Å"The Slave Crucibles.† Horton presents the actions taken by the government and the states in order to deal with fugitives. He examines the impact of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 on the general slave population and the people associated with it. Information is also presented on what was done in order to combat the Fugitive Slave Act and allow African Americans to experience the freedom that theyShow MoreRelatedAccusation And Defense Of The Salem Witchcraft Trials1658 Words   |  7 PagesHistory 1301-73001-73002 JOE L. MCCAMBRIDGE - HISTORY 1301-1302 One of the most infamous Trial in history took place on March 1, 1692. According, to the Library of Congress, Massachusetts authorities catechized Sarah Good, Sarah Osborne, and an Indian Slave, Tituba regarding their practice in witchcraft. The trial resulted in more than 150 men and women in and around Salem jailed on charges of practicing Witchcraft and Sorceries. Nineteen of them were men and women who were eventually convicted andRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 1052 Words   |  5 Pagesplays for the Federal Theatre, which provided work for unemployed writers, actors, directors, and designers. Miller s creative writing career span was over a sixty year span and during this time, Miller had written twenty-six plays. He wrote The Crucible in 1953 then later wrote the screenplay for the movie version which was produced in 1996 (CliffNotes, Authur Miller Biography). Miller s first play to make it to Broadway was in 1944. It was The Man Who Had All the Luck but it was a dishearteningRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1431 Words   |  6 PagesThe quality most necessary in a leader and a catalyst for hysteria is the ability to manipulate. The play The Crucible by Arthur Miller depicts the events that occurred in 1690s in Massachusetts best known as the Salem Witch Trials. These events center on a group of young girls who are found dancing in the woods with a black slave. Among them is Abigail Williams, a 17 year-old-girl desperate to conceal her affair with a married man and escape charges of witchcraft. In an attempt to pull the spotlightRead MoreIllusion Vs Reality – The Causticity of Illusion Essay1903 Words   |  8 Pagesexcessively demonstrated in Macbeth, a play written by William Shakespeare, and also in The Crucible, a play written by Arthur Miller. In both plays, the characters that lived illusive lives ultimately ended up leaving behind a trail of ignominy, grief, and death. In Macbeth, it is Macbeth and Lady Macbeth who consistently misinterpret reality as a world that accommodates their malevolent desires. In The Crucible, the entirety of the town of Salem misinterprets reality as a world of supernatural dangerRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials1154 Words   |  5 Pagescontributes little to the story other than setting up a place of symbolism, irony, and character development or revealment.In a couple days of which the play spans, dramatic changes to the social structure of Salem occur. As previously stated, The Crucible, elucidated Miller’s take on the Salem witch trials at Massachusetts Bay from 1692 to 1693. This particular period and historical setting are vital to understanding the heart truth. This craft enabled me to relate to text better as I learned ofRead MoreA Historical Journey through the American Conscience: The Public and its Courts 1564 Words   |  7 Pagesissue of slavery was threatening to rip apart the Union at its seams, and where the political landscape had taken to the tactic of problem ignoring, rather than problem solving. Reflecting this tactic, cases involving slavery and the treatment of slaves rarely made it into the courtroom, although it was constantly at the forefront of the court of public opinion. It seemed that everyone desired to keep enslavement as it was, for fear of ruffling the feathers of some dangerous birds. America was, atRead MoreRace And Gender Politics : Purple Hibiscus1487 Words   |  6 Pagesand inequality of class and culture. From there, I hoped to comprehend how gender politics was a reflection of Nigerian politics and its gender perceptions in the social structure as a whole. As my work proceeded, however, a third dimension of analysis became equally significant, for it became clear that, as much as African women in this novel speak from physical environments shaped by race, there is also an element of silence, censorship and domestic violence. The narrative of this novel, theRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Winthrop Delivered Sermon Called A Modell Of Christian Charity2205 Words   |  9 Pagesin Bradford s piece, it becomes the main point of interest and analysis as I read it. Have you ever watched an award show, and when someone wins an Oscar, Grammy, Tony, etc., they thank God, and you wonder why they would blindly attribute their remarkable successes to something so intangible? That s what I was thinking when I read this short section, and that s why I chose to include the first quote in this reflection and analysis. The pilgrims give all the credit to God for their survival acrossRead MoreSupernatural in American Fiction Essay2928 Words   |  12 PagesMankind would never submit to this. He will immediately turn to the darkness. Drawn by his own cords of fear and longing, man will imagine that he is tired of the light and his small, familiar world.3 No amount of rationalization... or Freudian analysis can overcome the thrill of the chimney-corner whisper or the lonely wood.4 Why? Children will always be afraid of the dark and men will always shudder at what they do not understand, yet everyone will continue to seek it. Perhaps it is becauseRead MoreEssay The Salem Witchcraft Trials of 16924260 Words   |  18 Pagesgovernment in Africa, Salem town council in Salem village), and new opportunities for betterment which are not evenly distributed throughout the population, causing increased social inequality. There have been three basic approaches taken to the analysis of the Salem witch trials. Scholars have sought psychological and biological explanations for the symptoms displayed by the bewitched girls. Sexual repression in Puritan New England, the low status of women, especially young women, in the community

Should a moment of silence be legal in public scho Essay Example For Students

Should a moment of silence be legal in public scho Essay ols?In 1962 the Supreme Court decided that public schools did not have the power to authorize school prayer. This decision made public school in the U.S. more atheistic than many European nations. For example, crosses still hang on the classroom walls in Poland, and the Ten Commandments are displayed in Hungary. There are prayers held at the beginning of legislative and judicial sessions and every President has mentioned a divine power in his inaugural speech. In keeping with a spirit of religious freedom as stated in the First Amendment, there is no reason why students should not be allowed to have a moment of silence during the school day when they can pray or do as they choose.The case Engel v. Vitale in 1962 decided that school prayer is unconstitutional. With this case, it was pointed out that the students were to voluntarily recite the following prayer:Almighty God, we acknowledge our dependence upon Thee, and we beg Thy blessings upon us, our parents, our teachers, and our country. The court ruled that this rule was unconstitutional according to the First Amendments establishment clause, which states Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion. In response to the Engel v.Vitale case some schools adopted a moment of silence. In 1963, another case was brought before the court dealing with school prayer, Abington School District v. Schempp. The Schempp family challenged a law in Pennsylvania requiring the students to say ten verses of the Bible before school. These readings from the Bible were declared unconstitutional. Members of the board felt reading the Bible would give the children more moral values. The Schempp family strongly disagreed. Members of Congress attempted to find a compromise. From this effort came the adoption of the moment of silence, which is guaranteed by the First Amendments Free Exercise clause. Six states now permit silent moments-Georgia, Virginia, Maryland, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Alabama. Silent prayer was ruled constitutional in 1985 as long as it had no religious intent or purpose. (Newsweek, October 3, 1994)Prayer has been banned in schools for thirty-three years. The moment of silence has been ruled constitutional, however. Every student fills a moment of silence in a different way: through song, a prayer, or a memory.

Genetically Altered Food Essays - Genetic Engineering,

Genetically Altered Food Genetic modification of organisms in general is a biotechnological process that forces genes to behave according to certain characteristics. Changing characteristics of organisms is based on changing their DNA (tech deoxyribonucleic acid; the acid which carries genetic information in a cell). It is being used for modifying genes in plants, animals or micro-organisms. It is being also used especially with food in order to improve the nutritious quality, make less use of chemicals such as pesticides, which proved to be extremely harmful, and sometimes to add flavour. Genetically modified food (GMF) is considered one of the modern production improvements and the largest food experiments in the world's history. However, it is very vital to dispel misconception about the nature of food. GMF is a mixed blessing which has a lot of benefits but at the same time may arouse problems. It has many good aspects, such as making plants ripen faster, improving the specie's taste and look, and providing Third World countries with healthier and cheaper food. Genetic modification of food has won the admiration of a lot of people, including myself, because of its new and attractive accomplishments, but at the same time we should take into consideration its disadvantages and try to find ways to avoid them. Genetically modified foodstuffs have several disadvantages which I believe are possibly avoidable through research and experiments. Most of the time, the sale of GMFs is being permitted without posing the risks and without informing the public with the possible danger. This of course is a violation of human rights which can Nagi2 easily be avoided by simply informing consumers of the characteristics of the product. When genetic engineers insert new genes into any organism, it can lead to disruption and unpredictable changes in the pattern and structure of the new genetic function. "In fact, the process of inserting genes is quite random and can damage normal genes " (Genetic Engineered Food - A Serious Health Risk 3). Therefore, harmful substances may appear unexpectedly and can possibly create viruses and new dangerous diseases. Therefore, it is the obligation of experts to examine GM products before making them available to the public in order to avoid undesirable diseases. A common example is, when some people who are allergic to certain kinds of food such as fish eat genetically modified products such as tomatoes which were injected with genes similar to these fish, they get easily affected by allergens. Also, GMFs might contain toxins, which may negatively affect human beings. An experiment run on rats by feeding them with GM potatoes affected their digestive tracks caused changes in some of their organ weights and caused adverse effects on their immune system(south pacific consumer protection programme1). Such experiments show the importance of thoroughly examining GM products and making sure of their safety on humans. In addition to that, there are long-term effects with reasons not yet identified. That could also be avoided by further research and continued experiments. GMF is now entering the market with an increasing rate. Products include tomatoes, corn, potatoes and soybeans. A main problem is that the issue of labelling these products is not yet widely used. Most developed countries have adopted laws Nagi 3 that require product labelling of ingredients, fats, vitamin, protein and carbohydrate. These nutrition information provides consumers with a level of awareness and choice. Similarly, GMF producers are obliged to label their products. They have to provide their customers with all necessary information about the produce. This is the least that could be done to preserve the rights of consumers to know and decide for themselves. Labelling is then one possible choice that could help in avoiding some of the GMFs dangers. People have the right to know if the food they are consuming is genetically modified whether it is a matter of health, preference or just a matter of taste" Surveys consistently find that 85-90 % of consumers want clear labelling of all genetically engineered foods"(Genetic Engineered Food- A Serious Health Risk 2). Moreover, it is necessary to label food if the nutritional content is changed. Take tomatoes for example; they are a source of Vitamin C, but if through modification they lose this characteristic (Vitamin C ), consumers definitely have the right to know. The wrong treatment of GM crops may cause several environmental risks. It was proved that GM crops are easy to grow in most kinds of soils. They can grow in land that is prone to drought or erosion in addition to soils with highly salt acid conditions. They are also capable

Cultural Conflicts in Wide Sargasso Sea

Cultural Conflicts in Wide Sargasso Sea 1Cultural Conflicts in Wide Sargasso SeaTayo's experience returning to New Mexico after World War II and Rochester's presence in the Caribbean are excellent examples of characters being torn between being an outsider and being a welcome member of society. Both Tayo as well as Rochester experience being torn from their own cultures. Tayo going to war separates him from his culture while Rochester's going to the Caribbean to find a wife pulls him out of his British culture. Rejection by their families plays a central role in making Tayo and Rochester feel estranged. Dealing with their masculinity is also a problem in both characters stories. Tayo and Rochester both lack a true father figure which makes becoming a man much more difficult. There are many similarities between Tayo and Rochester and their struggles with being torn between cultures, rejected by their families, and coming to terms with their own gender issues.English: High Falls Rochester NYThe similarities between Tayo and Rochester being torn between cultures is contrasted by the fact that Tayo is desperately trying to figure out his identity while Rochester was taken from his English culture and placed in the Caribbean. Throughout his childhood, Tayo is faced with many obstacles that end with him losing his identity. Tayo desperately tries to find balance between his pride in his Indian heritage and his shame for being half-white. Growing up, Tayo goes to Indian school where most of the teachers were Anglo and try to pull him and his cousin Rocky away from their Indian culture by telling them "not to believe in that kind of 'nonsense'"(Silko 19). His cousin Rocky is accepted by the white community because of his status as a football star; and so, in turn, Rocky starts to leave his Indian heritage behind. Tayo looks up to...

Managing Operations and Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Managing Operations and Finance - Essay Example Moving forward, the paper presents a comparison of the current and last year financial performance of the company through financial statement ratio analysis. The primary reason to conduct a ratio analysis is to quantify the results of the operations of a company and compare them with that of the prior year(s) in order to assess different aspects of the financial feasibility. The ratios are divided into profitability, liquidity and gearing ratios. The paper identifies the areas, through ratio analysis, where the company is performing well and where it needs improvements. In conclusion the paper presents a comparison of the financial and operational performance of Marks and Spencer with one of its primary competitors, Debenhams. Major financial ratios are compared and in addition, historical share prices are also analyzed of both companies in order to identify which company has a better market capitalization and better reputation from investor’s perspective. Operating Performanc e of the Company Marks and Spencer, an internationally recognized name considered analogous for high fashion and trend setting quality. Marks and Spencer is regarded as the premier retailer in the United Kingdom catering more than 21 million customers. Keeping in pace with the globalization, the company is planning to expand its business in other frontiers. As per the audited financial statement of the company for the financial year 2010, the company employees more than 76,000 and has its operations expanded to more than 41 countries in the world. Marks and Spencer’s well established business attracts a great deal of consumer base irrespective of demography. The primary business of the company comprises of selling general merchandise which mainly consists of womenswear, menswear and an expanding kid’s wear. The company, through its resilient and effective marketing tactics, has able to capture market share of around 11.0% by value and 11.2% by volume. Another source fr om where the company earns a great deal of its revenue is through selling food items. Marks and Spencer is the leading provider when it comes to selling fine quality food. The company sells everything from fresh meals to canned food items, highly acclaimed and praised range of wines to other groceries products. The company has improved its shelf availability and has adopted the strategy of renewing its food range. The proactive approach has resulted in an increase of 1.8% in sales revenue from food business. The financial year 2010 proved to be another progressive year for Marks and Spencer. During the current year, Marks and Spencer’s revenue increased by 5.2% during the current year to an impressive ?9.5 billion which has caused the operating profit to increase by 9.8%. The company, following its growth strategy, aspires transform its operation into multi channel business. The company has taken major steps in investing its direct sales business which enhanced the revenue by 27% during the current financial year. In addition, the company is actively following its strategy of refurbishing its stores and giving them a new and improved look. The refurbishment has resulted in an increased storage space and has created a fashionable shopping environment. The following table compares the financial results of Marks and Spencer, for

Project Management Scenario Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Project Management Scenario - Essay Example and Down’s staff for the new project, there might be conflict with respect to job responsibilities, particularly, the tasks which will be left unattended by staff movement from Pokorski and Down’s side of the operations to Janet’s new project. The responsibility matrix, together with a resources plan, can help address any potential communication conflicts among Steve Pokorski, Joe Downs and Janet. Meanwhile, an issue management plan will also be handy so that Janet’s team can be prepared to contend with environmental, cultural, technical and project-specific concerns which have already been identified or are being expected to occur in the course of time. This communication tool is very different from a risk management plan in the sense that risks may or may not occur (Pritchard, 2004). Finally, Janet should require each team or group in charge with one or more deliverables to submit status reports at the end of each week so that delays, time gained and other problems which surface in addition to those already identified and expected can be properly addressed, particularly those requiring mobilisation of resources, task redundancies or personnel conflicts. On the other hand, the major risks being considered which may affect the success of the project include: (1) unexpected increase in the price of construction materials during the construction of the manufacturing plant; (2) is fluctuation in the price of raw materials for plastic containers and (3) breakdown of equipment. All three aforementioned risks will definitely affect the scope, cost and schedule of the project. In the case of increase in the price of raw materials for construction, or fluctuation in price of raw materials for manufacturing, including a statistically calculated amount for contingency in the estimation of construction and manufacturing costs can cushion the effect of any price increase. With respect to breakdown of equipment especially in the first four months of operation, weekly

Research Study Quantitative

Research Study Quantitative Question # 1 Purposes and benefits of sections of Independent study My independent study is related to quantitative research model. Purpose of the quantitative research is to do numerical summaries, generalizations across populations and comparisons between populations. It includes few variables (Delay time, work order, number of different products) and many cases (Five sets of data with each set consisting of 500 products). These quantitative research methods use experimental designs. The various experimental methodologies are: Quasi Experimental Designs RCT: Randomized Controlled Trials Baseline Data Posttest Only Design Longitudinal Design Out of these experimental methodologies, my study falls under randomized controlled trails, where I generate a random data of five sets each set consisting of 500 different kinds of products. Introduction Purpose: The purpose of my study introduction is to provide background information for the readers for the research reported in the study. It establishes a framework for the research, so that readers can understand how it is related to other research (Creswell, 2003 p.73). It also establishes the issue or concern leading to the research by conveying information about a research problem (Creswell, 2003 p.74). In this, the problem is best addressed by understanding the factors or variables which are the process time, product order that influence an outcome delay time (Creswell, 2003 p.75). It provides the understanding of the problem that explains or relates to an outcome delay time and helps the researcher best understand and explain the problem why the delay time is to be minimized (Creswell, 2003 p. 76). The research problem in the study Guiding research questions Reviewed studies addressing the problem Deficiencies in past literature and limitations Importance of a study for an audience Benefits: By writing an effective introduction chapter, a reader can figure out the problem leading to the study i.e., how the delay time is optimized by arranging the production work order, reviewing the literature about the problem to find whether there are any related theories that is done by other investigators, identifying deficiencies in the literature about the problem, targeting audiences and notifying the significance of the problem for this audience (Creswell, 2003 p.73). Literature Review Purpose: The purpose of the literature review is to share with the reader the results of other studies that are closely related to the study being reported (Creswell, 2003 p.29). It relates a study to the larger ongoing dialogue in the literature about a topic, filling in gaps and extending prior studies (Cooper, 1984; Marshall Rossman, 1999). It provides a framework for establishing the importance of the study as well as a benchmark for comparing the results of a study with other findings. All or some of these reasons may be the foundation for writing the scholarly literature into a study (Miller, 1991). Benefits: The literature review helps to substantiate the problem and also suggests possible questions or hypotheses that need to be addressed (Creswell, 2003 p.46). Methodology Purpose: The purpose of methodology chapter is to bring focus on survey and experimental modes of inquiry. You will also explain the methodology you are using, why you chose that methodology and why you chose not to use other methods. The method that was used to collect data is explained in detail like how did I generated random data of five sets with each set consisting of 500 products using Microsoft Excel ad procedure I followed to find the real-time delay time. The reader will exactly know what was done with the collected data, to the point that he or she can replicate the study to get similar results. Benefits: With the help of methodology chapter, audiences can recognize the variation that exists in the qualitative, quantitative and mixed method studies, why I chose a quantitative study for the research problem I defined then it advances general guideline for procedures of the study. These guidelines include a discussion about the general characteristics of the study if the audiences are not familiar with the approach to research. (Source: Classroom material by Dr. Lynda Kenney) Results Purpose: The purpose of results chapter is to make a well-organized and objective presentation of the results by examining the collected data and application of either the descriptive or inferential statistical methods. Then the tables, graphs and figures of the analyzed data are also presented for sufficient support description to permit the reader to interpret them quickly and accurately (Leedy Ormrod, 2005). Benefits: The benefits of the results chapter is for readers to quickly interpret the conclusions and significance with the help of the tables, graphs, charts and figures obtained from the interpretation and analysis of the data. Flow Chart Purpose: The purpose of the flow chart is to explain the process of optimization of the production work order in a step-by-step process that is described in the study. Benefits: It makes the readers understand easily at a glance what has done in the entire study. It also helps the researcher to make and follow the created flow chart while analyzing the data. Discussion Purpose: The purpose of the discussion chapter is to highlight the main theories and conclusion used in the research study so that a reader can easily figure out what theories the researcher used in implementing and analyzing the data. Each major conclusion is clearly explained and compared with the results of the similar work by other investigators. Then, the researcher continually connects her findings with the theoretical frameworks. Any new or unusual results are also explained(Leedy Ormrod, 2005). If the researcher is not sure about the significance of the results or could not understand the phenomenon of the data, it is sometimes worthwhile to present a speculative discussion outlining several possible outcomes by alerting the readers that such a discussion is speculative. Benefits: The benefits of the discussion chapter are to make grand conclusions which support the subsequent paragraphs. Here, the entire conclusions, implications or the effects due to each conclusion including the minor and major effects are presented. The discussion also includes the method of computation or derivation of the study. Such situation arises when one figure is derived from preceding figures. If the application or method is involved, then a complete example with the method is to be explained for complete understanding to the reader. Finally, explained the significance and outcomes of the study. Conclusions Purpose: The purpose of the conclusions chapter is to make a summary of the conclusions that are presented in previous chapter. The researcher also points out both what are found and what are not found. It is also the section examined by the prospective reader with limited available time (Leedy Ormrod, 2005). Benefits: Although the researcher has previously presented each of the conclusions, conclusions chapter tell us the reader the ultimate effect or the benefit of the study. In my study, I have explained how the delay time is minimized or optimized by arranging the production work order so that it is quite helpful to readers, who might easily lose track of some important conclusions as they read earlier portions of a study(Leedy Ormrod, 2005). In addition to this, a prospective reader will able to quickly examine the research in limited time. I explained the benefits of my study that findings of this research will aid industries, retails stores by demonstrating how the algorithm is currently used, and how retail stores can assist customers to implement universal algorithm. Industries may benefit from models of evaluating arrangement of parts of a product on an assembly line. Question # 2 Framework Elements of Research: For every research proposal, a definite framework exists to follow a certain pattern. Creswell (2003) suggested that from lots of different types and terms in the literature, he focused on three approaches: quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods approach. The first two has been available for decades, and the last is new and still developing in form and substance. To understand them, we need to consider three framework elements: philosophical assumption about what constitute knowledge claims, general procedures of research called strategies of inquiry, and detailed procedure of data collection, analysis and writing, called methods. For that Creswell (2003) proposed (which was developed by Crotty) three questions to the design of research: What knowledge claims are being made by the researcher? What strategies of inquiry will inform the procedures? What methods of data collection and analysis will be used? Framework Elements of Quantitative Research Knowledge claims: Stating a knowledge claim means that researcher start with a project with certain assumptions about how we will learn and what we will learn during their inquiry. These are called as paradigms. Philosophically, researchers make claims about what is knowledge (ontology), how we know it (epistemology), what values go into it (axiology), how we write about it (rhetoric), and the process for studying it (methodology). There are four schools for knowledge claims as what follow. Those are post positive knowledge claims, socially constructed knowledge claims, advocacy or participatory knowledge claims and finally pragmatic knowledge claims. For quantitative research, the knowledge claims are post positivism which includes determination, reductionism, empirical observation and measurement, and theory verification. Post positivism refers the thinking after positivism; challenging the absolute truth and recognizing that we can not be â€Å"positive† about claims of knowledge when studying the behaviors and action of human. Traditionally, the post positivist assumptions have cited claims about what evidences knowledge. Post positivism reflects in determining the effects or outcomes, examining the causes that reflect the outcomes by doing experiments, reducing the ideas into a small, set of ideas to test such as variables that constitute hypothesis and research questions, developing numeric measures of observations and studying the behavior of individuals. The problem studied by post positivist reflects a need to examine causes that influence outcomes. It is also reductionism; testing selected variables that constitut e hypothesis and research questions, so it is based on careful observation and measurement of the objective reality in the world. Researching is for test or refining the existing laws or theories. Strategies of inquiry: A stage of inquiry in quantitative research includes numerical summaries, generalizations across populations and comparisons between populations. Strategies of inquiry provide specific designs for procedures in the research design. Like knowledge claims, strategies have multiplied over the years as the computer technology has pushed forward data analysis and the ability to analyze complex models. Strategies associated with quantitative research were those that invoked the post positivist perspectives. These include true experiments and less vigorous experiments called quasi-experiments and correlational studies (Campbell Stanley, 1963), and specific single-subject experiments (Cooper, heron, Heward, 1987). But, these days, quantitative research strategies involved complex experiments with many variables and treatments like factorial designs and repeated measure designs. Strategies associated with quantitative approach are: Experiment: It is about random assignment of subject to treatment conditions and includes quasi-experiment with nonrandomized design. My study used experimental strategy for generating the randomized data and analyzing the data with Microsoft office tools. Non-experimental designs, such as Surveys: it is studying by using questionnaires or structured interviews with the intent of generalizing from sample to a population. These include cross-sectional and longitudinal studies using questionnaires or structured interviews for data collection, with the intent of generalizing from a sample to a population (Babbie, 1990) Research methods: The third major element that goes into a research approach is the specific methods of data collection and analysis. For quantitative research, the research methods I used are predetermined instrument based questions such as performance data, attitude data, observational data and census statistical data using Microsoft Excel. I considered full range of possibilities for data collection in the study by organizing these research methods with the use of closed-ended versus pen-ended questions and their focus on numeric versus non-numeric data analysis. Question # 5 Validity and generalizability aspects of quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods research: Qualitative research validity The degree to which the interpretations of the data accurately describe the phenomenon under investigation is known as validity. Validity is seen as a strength of the qualitative study which is used in determining whether the findings are accurate from the standpoint of the researcher, the participant, or the readers (Creswell Miller, 2000).In addition to validity, the terms used are trustworthiness, authenticity, and credibility. There are eight primary strategies, organized from most frequently used and easy to implement to those occasionally used to and difficult to implement. Various qualitative procedures should be used to make a research validate. Some of the procedures are qualitative research paradigm and ethnographic research design. Methods for establishing the validity are: Negative case analysis Presenting the negative or discrepant information that runs counter to the themes Audit trail Clarifying the bias the researcher brings to the study Prolonged field experience Spending prolonged time in the field to develop an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon under study Data triangulation triangulate different data sources of information by examining evidence from the sources and using it to build a coherent justification Member checking to determine the accuracy of the qualitative findings Rich, thick description Quantitative research validity The degree to which the evidence supports that the interpretations of the data are correct and that the manner in which the interpretations are used is appropriate. Threats to validity: There are several threats to the validity that raise the potential issues about the researcher ability to conclude the intervention affects of an outcome. They are internal threats, external threats, statistical conclusion threats, and construct validity threats. Internal validity threats are experimental procedures, treatments, or experiences of the participants that threaten the researchers ability to draw correct inferences from the data in an experiment. These involve due to inadequate procedures like changing the instrument or a tool during an experiment, changing the control group participants under study etc. External validity threats arise when the researcher draws incorrect inferences from the sample data to other persons, other settings, and past or future situations. Statistical conclusion validity arises when experimenters draw inaccurate inferences from the data because of inadequate statistical power or the violation of the assumptions. Construct validity threat arises when investigators use inadequate definitions and measure of variables. Methods of establishing validity Experiment review Data triangulation Participant feedback Regression analysis Statistical analysis Types of validity evidence Content Construct Criterion Consequential Procedure: A researcher need to describe in detain the procedure for conducting the experiments ad the reader should be able to see the design being used, the observation, the treatment, and the timeliness of activities. Typical steps used for the procedure are follows. Administering the measures of the dependent variable or a variable that closely correlated with the dependent variable to the research participants. Assign participants to the matched pairs on the basis of their scores Randomization. Randomly assign one member of each pair to the experimental group and other member to the control group Expose experimental group to experimental treatment and alternative treatment to control group. Administer measures of the dependent variables to the experimental and control groups Compare the performance of the experimental and control groups. Statistical analysis: A reader should be able to identify clearly the statistical analyses that are used in the experiment. Various statistical analyses that can be performed during the study are: Descriptive analysis reporting the means, standard deviations and ranges. Inferential analysis- performing the hypothesis tests using ‘t tests, analysis of variance, analysis of covariance, or multivariate analysis of variance. A researcher can also use the factorial designs, both interaction and main effects of ANOVA. Mixed methods research: Examine potential sources of error and ask: Chance: Random error in sampling from a population. 1. Type I (alpha) error: The probability of falsely saying that there is a difference between two populations. 2. Type II (beta) error: The probability of falsely saying that there is no difference between two populations. How (in what direction) would the threats to validity affect the findings? Bias: Systematic distortion 1. Selection bias Systematic slant in how subjects are assembled or retained for study 2. Information bias Systematic distortion from inaccuracy in measurement or classification of study variables Were potential sources of error adequately controlled in the design and analysis? Confounding: Misattribution of cause and effect How do validity concerns affect your interpretation or application of the data? In the Design Study design appropriate for the question B,C Adequate power A Complete accounting of eligible patients B1 Verification of information and Blinding B2 Multiple control groups B,C Randomization, Restriction and matching C In the Analysis Best case / worst case scenario and Sensitivity analysis B,C Adjustment B1,C Mathematical modeling C A Reduces the role of chance; B1 Reduces selection bias ; B2 Reduces information bias; C Reduces confounding References Creswell, J. W. 2003. Research Design: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. SAGE. Thousand Oaks. USA. Leedy, P. D., Ormrod, J. E., (2005). Practical Research: Planning and Design. PEARSON. Columbus. Ohio. Olds, B., Moskal, B. Miller, R. â€Å"Assessment in Engineering Education†, Journal of Engineering Education , to appear Jan. 2005. Moskal, B., Leydens, J. Pavelich, M. Validity, reliability and the assessment of engineering education. Journal of Engineering Education , Vol. 91, No. 3, 351-354, 2002.

The Musician :: essays research papers

The Musician There are many styles of music and many various ways in which to enjoy them. This is only rivaled by the number of people on the planet that have invented them. Through out history the various evolutions of traditions have used music as part of their cultures, ceremonies, and religions. However, one thing has always been unique to all of these things - the musicians themselves - the ones making the music. These unsung misfits have endured time and are the common thread throughout history that has taken the time to ponder this wonderful realm. The thinkers that have invested much of their lives to inventing and reinventing the muse. Many people listen to music in many different ways. They create a style or listening pattern that brings out the most enjoyment for them. However, just being a listener of music only scratches the surface of the music enjoyment experience. There lies another layer or ‘dimension’ if you will underneath. This dimension is reserved for the one who receives ‘the spirit thought to inspires poets’. The musician creates as well as listens. He will ponder the music with a deeper appreciation, more feeling, and all done for the love of it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Musicians are born just like anyone, but somewhere they notice something happening in their heads, like an inner orchestra that begins to play. It begins with one or more instruments, ringing distinctly and clearly inside their ‘third ears’. With time, this develops into a need to express that what is being played in their heads outside their heads. They become a player. Thus begins the road of learning to express, on a ‘physical device’ all the wonderful sounds and melodies they have invented and have yet to invent still in their heads. The ear begins to develop a different way of listening. It becomes able to separate the sounds of various instruments and various melodies very precisely. The more the individual practices the better this gift becomes. Otherwise, frustration may set-in when the music inside, cannot be reproduced ‘physically’ on the outside.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mozart could hear entire symphonies playing in his head with the ability to write down every note with out ever picking up or hearing an instrument.

Innovation, Design, and Creativity Essay

Innovation, design, and creativity are typically interchangeable, but are in fact defined as separate qualities with business implications that can be compared and contrasted. While some companies can survive solely on creativity, a rise in global competition has domestic companies striving to develop more innovative products and services. These new found ideas are then made concrete by implementing a successful design. Creativity is the creation of a new idea or concept. The term is a necessary step towards the innovative process of applying a creative idea. Creativity is an essential building block for innovation (von Stamm, 2003). A person that is naturally creative must have broad vision to meet organizational challenges. These visionaries are a company’s adventurers and risk takers who see and think further than most. Innovation equals creativity plus successful implementation (von Stamm, 2003). The introduction of a new idea should be implemented within all levels of a c ompany; from upper management executives to mere janitors. In order to have an innovative product or service, it has to be converted from an idea into action; the creativity is delivered or put into effect. Design is the conscious decision-making process by which an idea is transformed into an outcome, be it a tangible product or intangible service (von Stamm, 2003). It is about researching possible outcomes to particular scenarios and selecting the best design thereafter. Any obstacles that conflict with a creative idea will be resolved with design. Teamwork may help since the design implementation may be too complex for one person’s expertise; a person typically does not possess creativity, innovation, and design; which is what is needed for a total quality result. Although I’m unemployed at the moment, these three concepts were successfully applied in my previous organization. As a former Accounts Payable Clerk, my direct supervisor thought like a designer by thinking about our department’s future goals, rather than focusing solely on the present (or current) accounts. This calculated decision making process is defined as design but without having an initial creativity and innovation, the successful design of an organization could not be possible. Reference von Stamm, B. (2003). Managing innovation, design and creativity, 1e. [University of Phoenix Custom Edition e-Text]. : John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, OI361 website.

Essay on Robert Frost Mending Wall - 1077 Words

It is no secret how Robert Frost feels about walls after reading his poem â€Å"Mending Wall†. To say that Frost admired and favored walls would be a lie. On the contrary, based on his poem it is apparent that he would prefer there be no walls present. I was led to ask myself, what type of wall is Frost referring to? It is not merely a physical wall made of stone, but a barrier that people place among each other to create an illusion of separation and protection. The style of the poem makes it simple to read, however when you take a closer look into the poem, you discover a whole new meaning. Frost uses a variety of techniques throughout his poem such as metaphor, symbolism and imagery to help us understand his feelings and how those feelings†¦show more content†¦Isn’t it/ where there are cows? But there are no cows here† (Line 29-31). Ironically he also states, â€Å"I have come after them and make repair/ where they have left not one stone on a stoneà ¢â‚¬  (Line 6-7). He is otherwise saying that although he feels the repairing of the wall is unnecessary, in order to maintain peace between his neighbor he will rebuild the unnecessary wall. It would make sense to simply have Frost leave the wall alone, thus ending the separation, but he chooses not to, indicating that he too finds comfort in the presence of the wall. One of the first things that I noticed about the style of the poem was that it was not broken up into stanzas, when looked at sideways gave the illusion of a wall with gaps. It is a series of lines which become a poem that is written as a blank verse iambic pentameter. Each line consists of ten syllables with the exception of Lines 8, 16, 24, 26, 27, 28, 37, 43, 45, which contain eleven syllables. At first glance it is easy to overlook this detail, but once it is noted the question arises, what is the significance in these particular lines? In lines 26 and 45 the neighbor says to Frost, â€Å"Good fences make good neighbors†, we also learn in line 43 that, â€Å"He (the neighbor) will not go behind his father’s saying†. These particular lines are important because they help us to understand that the presence of the wall is something that was instilled in the neighbor. By taking note that the mending of the wallShow MoreRelatedThe Mending Wall By Robert Frost Essay1695 Words   |  7 PagesRobert Frost`s poem â€Å"The Mending Wall† was first â€Å"published in 1914 by David Nutt in North of Boston† (Modern American Poetry). This poem is narrated by a New England farmer, who does not want to build a wall between the two farms. Some scholars may see this term â€Å"Wall† as a boundary line between two countries. Others can argue that this is an allegory, which depicts how neighbors as well are in the human sense, must care for and try to understand one another in spite the differences. I will argueRead More Mending Wall by Robert Frost Essay2093 Words à ‚  |  9 Pagesâ€Å"Mending Wall† by Robert Frost   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Mending Wall† by Robert Frost is a poem in which the characteristics of vocabulary, rhythm and other aspects of poetic technique combine in a fashion that articulates, in detail, the experience and the opposing convictions that the poem describes and discusses. The ordinariness of the rural activity is presented in specific description, and as so often is found in Frost’s poems, the unprepossessing undertaking has much larger implications. Yet his considerationRead MoreThe Mending Wall by Robert Frost Essay1226 Words   |  5 PagesThe Mending Wall by Robert Frost Robert Frost was not just a writer. Frost was, more importantly, an American writer whose works epitomized the Modernist literary movement, and in turn represented the mood and minds of a nation. Frost remains emblematic of a specific time in our country. Through the words of the poet, readers of his day could see a real-time reflection of themselves - visible in Frosts verses were the hopes and apprehensions that marked the first half of the twentieth- Read MoreRobert Frost s Mending Wall1291 Words   |  6 PagesIn Robert Frost’s poem â€Å"Mending Wall†, he illustrates barriers as linking people through, communication, friendship and the sense of security people gain from those barriers. His messages are utilized through systems, for example, symbolism, structure, and humor, uncovering a complex side of the poem and, in addition, accomplishing a general carefree impact. In Robert Frost’s â€Å"Mending Wall† a tightly woven intricate balance of literal and metaphorical meaning is portrayed through themes of isolationRead MoreThe Mending Wall Robert Frost Analysis889 Words   |  4 PagesThe Mending Wall, a poem written by Robert Frost, outlines the human instinct of placing boundaries and the necessity of them. He does so using a scenario in which two neighbors go through great lengths to maintain a fence betwe en their homes. They barely associate themselves with one another, and they rarely see each other except for when they are repairing the fence that keeps them separated. I feel that I am able to connect with this piece especially well because throughout my life I have heldRead MoreSummary Of Mending Wall By Robert Frost723 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Mending Wall† Robert Lee Frost is a very distinguished author born in March 26, 1874, his work was first published in England before it was introduced into America. He is known for the realism found in his works and his depiction of America he would also talk about certain aspects of England in the twentieth century and used his experience to look at interesting themes of social and cultural nature. By 1915, he had published two full-length collections, A Boy’s Will (1913) and North of Boston (1914)Read MoreWalls Placed on Relationships in Mending Wall by Robert Frost844 Words   |  4 PagesWalls Placed on Relationships in Mending Wall by Robert Frost In the poem Mending Wall, Robert Frost utilizes the literary devices of imagery, meter, and symbolism to demonstrate the rational and irrational boundaries or metaphoric walls humans place on their relationships with others. The precise images, such as the depiction of the mending-time ritual and the dynamic description of his old-stone savage armed neighbor, serve to enhance our enjoyment as well as our understandingRead MoreAnalysis of Mending Wall by Robert Frost Essay670 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis of Mending Wall by Robert Frost Robert Frost is describing a process in Mending Wall, which is repairing a wall that separates his territory and his neighbors. The wall was deteriorated during the winter, when the cold frost created cracks and gaps in the wall. He uses a nearly infantile imagination to unravel the mystery of the damage that appeared suddenly in spring. While they are tediously laboring to reconstruct the fence, Frost is imploring his neighbor about the useRead MoreAnalysis Of Robert Frost s The Mending Wall 1311 Words   |  6 PagesIn Robert Frost the Mending Wall it is about the obligation of boundaries and the deceiving influences employed to abolish them. The poem shows how two individuals have different opinions on a wall that divides their properties. As the poem goes on, one would think that there is a connection between the two, through the rebuilding of the wall every spring. Richard Cory and Miniver Cheevy have many similarities as well as differences, on one hand you have a rich and depressed individual that is admiredRead MoreAnalysis Of Robert Frost s Mending Wall Essay1698 Words   |  7 Pagesthe shared theme in the works of Robert Frost, John Darley Bibb Latanà ©, and Barbara Kingsolver, which unite to tell us that this kind of lifestyle is flawed and must come to an end. In Robert Frost’s narrative poem, â€Å"Mending Wall†, the first theme of reclusiveness is revealed through the frustration that the narrator has against the wall that keeps him and his neighbors apart. The poem tells of a story where two characters have a conflicting view of a stone wall that divides them, in which the